ABSTRACT
The impact of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on the increase in the average temperature on the planet and the risk of initiating irreversible processes are recognized by most of the scientific community as real threats to humanity. Many countries have a legal and institutional framework for a consistent industrial policy taking into account the climate and environmental components, including carbon accounting. Russia is a country with high intensity of production-based CO2 emissions. In is well-known that the industry generates necessary hence it induce demand for products from other sectors of the economy. Environmental and social parameters in the formation of industrial policy should not be considered as any limitations for the development of industry. Despite a serious change in the agenda for the industrial policy in recent years, caused by COVID-19 and by current geopolitical situation in the world, it is highly undesirable to lag behind in this area, since it is necessary for international cooperation and human technological development. Low-carbon areas correspond to the modern ideology of industrial policy for many countries. The novelty of the study is the evaluation of the total GHG (greenhouse gases) intensity of Russias industry by means of intersectoral model. The paper analyses some of industrial policy measures and their implementation that affect low-carbon economic development. The proposed study could be of interest for other economies aiming to reduce their carbon footprint. © 2022 International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This chapter analyzes the Swedish legal frameworks and policy approaches which were taken in order to counter the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden. It examines, inter alia the social distancing measures that were introduced, testing, contact tracing as well as the Swedish legislators' and Swedish authorities' efforts to balance civil liberties with effective public health measures. The chapter explains why this is so, and the impact that the constitution and the existing legal framework for dealing with pandemics has had on policy choices in Sweden. The first thing as regards the Swedish constitutional context is that there is no provision in the Swedish constitution for the declaration of a state of emergency in peacetime, only in war or where there is an imminent danger of war. The fact that the Swedish constitution is silent on peace time crisis means that the ordinary legislative procedure as a main rule applies also during a crisis. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ABSTRACT
Digital transformation of public or private services, although it brings many improvements for our societies, it also raises security issues, mainly when focusing on the migration of physical signed documents in the digital environment. Digital signatures have proven to be reliable, thus they have seen a higher adoption in the last few years, especially in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Yet, a disadvantage is that digital signatures are volatile, being valid only for a maximum of a few years, depending on the validity of the asymmetric private key used to create that digital signature. Thus, validating a signed document after a few years could prove to be troublesome. In order to solve this problem, legislative and standardization efforts have been made and the legal and technical frameworks for long-term preservation services have been issued. In this paper we focus on the presentation of our implementation of a long-term preservation service for digital signatures, that is part of an entire long-term preservation system composed of multiple services, as mentioned in the paper. Our implementation is compliant with ETSI standards and uses the capabilities of current PKI infrastructures, while also adding in the resilience and trust of the blockchain. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
The paper discusses the legal framework for the design and construction of modern high-tech prefabricated healthcare facilities. It highlights the challenges faced by design and construction works in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. With limited timeframes, healthcare construction projects are using prefabricated technologies that are supposed to meet the highest of construction standards and allow for operation of modern healthcare equipment. This task is being solved also at the legal level. All things considered, the issues of legal regulation of COVID hospitals design and construction in the Russian Federation relevant require due attention. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
The scale of migration is increasing, and while great uncertainty exists in identifying exact numbers, the estimated number of international migrants is already surpassing 2050 projections in the order of 2.6%, or 230 million. As people migrate, they face a number of challenges including exposure to disease and other health threats, violence and assualt, trafficking and unlawful detention. However, of the protections avail-able to migrants, the implementation and realization of these protections and how they impact the individual experiences of migrants and their loss of human rights and dignity rights across the migration cycle, are lacking. In acknowledgement of this, McClain et al. developed a legal and policy framework for Migration with Dignity, which identified six fundamental elements central to the migration experience that can supplement and support the implementation of migrant protections. The framework was built upon the foundational policy of former President of Kiribati, Anote Tong, who understood the climate change was impacting the lives and livelihoods of his people and that in the face of diminishing land area and opportunities, that the Kiribati should have the opportunity to determine when and how they migrate, and that in doing so that they are able to live a life that is equal to or better than the one they left behind. The Migration with Dignity framework offers an opportunity to provide policy and legal options to governments, policy makers, and NGO’s for how to improve to consider the dignity of migrants while they move, and improve the transition of migrants into new set-tings, while also fostering opportunities for improved livelihoods. However, in order to provide these opportunities, the framework would benefit from additional application of the fundamental elements across different contexts and in different settings. With this in mind, this article provides the necessary methodology for considering the social and legal dimensions of the framework, it also provides examples for how to apply the framework across multiple contexts. © Fuji Technology Press Ltd.